![]() Statistical analyses of the effects of lunar cycle on belly size ( Fig. “Average belly size” is the mean of all females ≥3 yrs of age in each group, using only one sighting per group per day. Beginning in 1978, belly size has been consistently recorded on a scale from 1.0 to 5.0 at 0.25 increments, with 1.0 being the fattest. Retrospective data on the lunar cycle are available from the US Naval Oceanography website, Serengeti and Ngorongoro lions have been studied continuously since 1966 – at least one adult female has been fitted with a radio collar in each Serengeti pride since 1984. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Funding for the surveys in southeastern Tanzania came from Wildlife Conservation Society, Tanzanian Wildlife Protection Fund and Panthera. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: Research in the Serengeti and Ngorongoro was funded by NSF LTREB grants DEB-03439142 and Biocomplexity grant BE-0308486. ![]() Received: JanuAccepted: JPublished: July 20, 2011Ĭopyright: © 2011 Packer et al. Rands, University of Bristol, United Kingdom Citation: Packer C, Swanson A, Ikanda D, Kushnir H (2011) Fear of Darkness, the Full Moon and the Nocturnal Ecology of African Lions. ![]()
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